电气继电器由电磁体和弹簧加载的转换触点组成。当电磁体通过直流电源打开/关闭时,该电磁体将弹簧加载机构拉动并释放,从而使这些触点的末端端子进行转换。随后,响应继电器电磁体开关,将连接到这些触点的外部电荷载打开/关闭。
在这篇文章中,我们全面了解了继电器在电子电路中的工作方式,如何通过仪表识别其对任何继电器的销钉并在电路中连接。
介绍
不管是闪烁灯, for switching AC motor or for other similar operations, relays are for such applications. However young electronic enthusiasts often become confused while assessing the pin outs of the relay and configuring them with a drive circuit inside the intended electronic circuit.
In this article we’ll study the basic rules that will help us to identify relay pinouts and learn regarding how a relay works. Let’s begin the discussion.
继电器如何工作
电力继电器的工作可以从以下几点中学到:
- 继电器机制基本上是由线圈和弹簧载触点组成的,该触点可以自由移动在枢轴的轴上。
- 中央杆的铰链或旋转方式使得当继电器线圈用电压供电时,中心极与设备的一个侧面端子连接在一起,称为N/O触点(通常关闭)。
- 发生这种情况是因为杆铁被继电器线圈电磁拉力吸引。
- 当继电器线圈关闭时,极点将自身从N/O(正常打开)端子断开,并与第二个端子(称为N/C接触)连接自身。
- 这是触点的默认位置,并且由于缺乏电磁力而发生,也是由于极金属的弹簧张力,该杆金属通常可以使杆保持与N/C接触连接。
- 在此类开关打开和关闭操作过程中,它会根据继电器线圈的ON/OFF切换到N/O
- 当DC通过线圈时,在铁核上缠绕的继电器线圈的表现就像强电磁体。
- 当线圈通电时,生成的电磁场立即拉动附近的弹簧载荷金属实现上述解释的触点切换
- The above movable spring loaded pole inherently forms the main central switching lead and its end ts terminated as the pinout of this pole.
- 其他两个触点N/C和N/O形成了相关的继电器端子的互补对或引脚出现,这些对响应于线圈激活时,它们交替地与中央继电器杆连接并断开了连接。
- 这些N/C和N/O触点还具有最终终端,这些终止终止可以移出继电器框以形成继电器的相关针。
以下粗糙模拟显示,当用输入电源电压打开和关闭电磁电磁线时,中继杆如何响应电磁线线圈。我们可以清楚地看到,最初将中央电线保持与N/C接触连接,并且当线圈通电时,由于线圈的电磁作用,将极向下拉动,迫使中心极与N/连接o联系。
视频说明
Thus basically there are three contact pinouts for a relay, namely the central pole, the N/C and the N/O.
另外两个引脚用继电器的线圈终止
该基本继电器也称为SPDT类型的继电器,意为单极双掷,因为在这里我们有一个中央杆,但以N/O,N/C的形式进行了两个替代侧触点,因此SPDT一词。
因此,我们在SPDT继电器中有5个引脚:中央移动端子或切换端子,一对N/C和N/O端子,最后是两个构成继电器引脚出现的两个线圈端子。
如何识别继电器引脚并连接继电器
通常,不幸的是,许多继电器都没有标记的PinOut,这使得新电子爱好者很难识别它们并为预期的应用程序提供这些工作。
需要识别的引脚是(按照给定的顺序):
- 线圈引脚
- The Common Pole pin
- The N/C pin
- N/O针
可以通过以下方式完成典型继电器引脚的识别:
1) Position the multimeter in the Ohms range, preferably in the 1K range.
2)首先将仪表量随机连接到继电器的两个引脚中的任何一个,直到找到指示在TH仪表显示器上表明某种阻力的引脚为止。通常,这可能是100欧姆和500欧姆之间的任何东西。继电器的这些引脚表示继电器的线圈针。
3)接下来,按照相同的步骤操作,然后通过将仪表量源随机连接到其余三个端子来进行。
4) Keep doing this until you find two pins of the relay indicating a continuity across them. These two pinouts will be obviously the N/C and the pole of the relay, because since the relay is not powered the pole will be attached with the N/C due to internal spring tension, indicating a continuity across each other.
5)现在,您需要简单地识别其他单个终端,该终端可能在上述两个端子上的某个位置,代表三角形配置。
6)在大多数情况下,该三角形配置中的中央针脚将是您的继电器杆,已经确定了N/C,因此最后一个是您的中继的N/O n/o接触或PINOUT。
以下模拟显示了如何用DC电压源在其线圈上连接到典型的继电器,并在其N/O和N/C触点上跨电压源和电源AC负载
These three contacts may be further confirmed by powering the relay coil with the specified voltage and by checking the N/O side with the meter for a continuity..
The above simple procedure could be applied for identifying any relay pinout which may be unknown to you, or unlabelled.
现在,由于我们已经彻底研究了继电器的工作原理以及如何识别继电器的引脚,因此了解最流行的继电器类型的细节,该中继的细节主要用于小型电子电路,以及如何连接它。
如果您想知道如何使用晶体管设计和配置继电器驱动器阶段,则可以在以下文章中阅读:
典型的中国制作中继针头
How to Wire Relay Terminals
下图显示了如何用负载连接到上述继电器,以便当线圈通电时,载荷会通过其N/O触点触发或打开,并通过附加的电源电压进行触发或打开。
与负载串联的电源电压可能按照负载规格为。如果负载在直流电势处额定值,则该电源电压可能是直流,如果负载应该是操作的交流电源,则根据规格,该系列电源可能是220V或120V AC。
Hello sir, thanks for the info.
But what about the square based 11 pin relays?
I have an inverter that doesn’t charge batteries, so I built an external 40A battery charger for my batteries.. But whenever I want to charge the battery, I’ll have to remove the inverter red and black terminals from the battery so that current will not flow from the charger into the inverter and damage it. I want something that will enable me not worry about this, with the use of those 11pin square base 40A relay so that when it is time for charging, the inverter terminals can still be on the battery, as well as the charger terminals, without current going into the inverter
您好Jerry,您将必须找到继电器的PIN图和内部配置。找到它后,您可以轻松地将其配置为所需的转换和切换。
不看到继电器的示意图或销钉图,可能很难判断其操作细节
只想说感谢您对接力赛的出色教程。解释,动画和图片帮助了这个初学者的掌握继电器概念并使用。保持良好的工作。
很高兴您喜欢狮子座,感谢您的反馈!
I know very very little about circuitry. Someone told me the project I’m working on needs a “timer relay” and someone who knows controls. Thanks to this article, I think I now understand what a relay does, thank you! However, you seem like someone who knows controls, so perhaps you might be able to help more specifically.
我想做一个设置一盏灯runs continuously during the daytime, but when a button is pushed, that light would turn off and a different one would turn on for 30 seconds. After the 30 seconds, it would go back to the normal light.
Scorpions glow under blacklight/UV light, and we want to be able to show that in an exhibit. We had a simple switch setup with on/off, so we left the blacklight on all day (controlled with simple lamp timer to turn off when we were closed) and put the “normal” light on the on/off switch, so when the switch was ON, the white light interfered with the UV and the scorpions looked black, and when OFF you could see the scorpions’ fluorescence under the blacklight. But apparently scorpion fluorescence decreases with chronic exposure to UV, so after a few months of ~12h/day of UV, they were barely glowing anymore. Instead, we want to make a setup where someone pushes a button (or flips a switch or similar interaction) to view the animals under blacklight, but it automatically goes back to the normal light after.
Usually we just use a lamp timer to set the daytime hours the normal light is on (for viewing & to give animal day/night cycle), so bonus if the system can work with that, or incorporate the day/night cycle as well.
Sorry if this is a simple question – I’m a biologist, so can tell you tons of cool stuff about scorpions and a bunch of other animals, but can’t figure out what words to enter into Google to try to find this answer!
嗨,请提供黑光和白天计时器的电气规格,它们是否使用220V AC运行?获得这些详细信息后,我将尝试找出合适的解决方案。
尊敬的先生,我想进行接力,以持续期望(例如10秒)和何时给出电源,并且必须在电源可用的情况下进一步保持状态。在断开连接后主要电源连接后,它必须再次进行。请为此提供指示。谢谢先生。
Jayanth,您可以尝试本文中的第一个电路:
//www.addme-blog.com/interesting-timer-circuits-using-ic-555-555-xexpleord/
replace S1 with a 0.1uF capacitor.
ok sir i will
嗨,斯瓦加塔姆。我们使用PLC晶体管输出操作的24VDC继电器构建控制电路。一些PLC具有( - )24VDC输出,而其他PLC具有(+)24VDC输出。我们在中继线圈上有一个标准的1N4002二极管,作为呼吸器,效果很好。但是,我们必须构建两种不同类型的电路板,一个带有Snubber二极管的一个方向偏向一个方向,另一个板偏向另一个方向,具体取决于使用的PLC输出。我们想串联使用两个Zener二极管,在中继线圈上反向偏置,以便我们可以构建一个板并使用任何PLC输出样式而无需修改。继电器线圈公共电压是可选的。通电时继电器绘制5.1mA。我们在确定齐纳需要什么功率等级时遇到了麻烦。我们将非常感谢您对此的专业知识。 Thank you very much.
嗨,路易斯,由于当前的中继线圈的额定值仅为5.1 mA,因此任何标准的齐纳(400MW)都可以工作。但是,为了更大的安全性,您可以使用1瓦二极管,这将绰绰有余。
非常感谢您的快速答复。对我们来说,重要的是,我们建立董事会要尽可能可靠。
没问题,祝您一切顺利!
你好,斯沃格先生。如果继电器为10A / 250。可以使用220V 40W x 20灯的负载吗?
如何计算最大继电器的负载功率?谢谢
Hello Sarwana, yes yoo can use the relay for the mentioned load, which will consume not more than 4 amps
Dear sir,
我可以问,非常有用
我有一个带有逆变器的露营车来制造240V,我有一个240V的电源连接,我的问题是,我将使用哪种继电器设置从逆变器电源切换到连接电源
自动地?我是否需要使用双极继电器(因此完全没有逆变器)或仅仅实时切换正/实时和负/中性/中性?
问候
Paul
谢谢保罗,是的,是的,您将需要DPDT继电器和SPDT继电器进行转换操作。DPDT可用于通过AC Live/Neutral线进行更改,而SPDT可用于更换电池的正线
感谢您的及时答复,
我想我明白,我想使用N/O DPDT继电器,允许逆变器是保险丝/插座的主要供应(默认为240V camper的240V功率)控制继电器动作(N/O接力)将是AC COIL COIL(240V)通过连接提供,从逆变器到连接功率实时/中性,240V主电源。正确的?
为什么我需要SPDT继电器来更改电池的正线,这是否要删除从12V电池到逆变器的电源?
I’m looking at din rail mount relay placed in enclosure with din rail 240v trip/fuses, that is auto switched from inverter to mains when hookup is pluged in.
抱歉,如果这有点长,对我来说只是安全的事情。问问,第一次正确地做到正确。
问候
Paul
Yes your assumptions are correct for the DPDT mains connections. The battery positive also needs a changeover, since its needs to be transferred from the inverter powering mode to charging mode when mains is present.
That would stop any sort of charging, by mains hook-up feeding into inverter from batteies. correct?
您会建议什么安培接力?我正在查看大约25-40AMP DIN RAIL DPDT继电器和电线与MCB和RCD外壳,SPDT继电器将为40AMP?我的12V拆分电路电路具有50AMP跳闸保险丝。
hope this will also be imfromative to other people out there, thinking camper van and open skys.
SPDT继电器将在主流AC存在期间将电池阳性与逆变器断开,并将其与充电器阳性供应连接。
相应的继电器触点将取决于电池AH等级或充电电流以及变压器的瓦数。
Clearest explanation on the Internet! Thank you
感谢您的友好反馈!
Swag先生,我真的很感谢您对这种接力的解释,我一直发现它以前很难连接继电器,但我现在知道它们如何工作n如何在电路中连接它们。非常感谢先生,上帝保佑你。
谢谢上帝,我很高兴该帖子帮助了您!