The proposed solar water heater with battery charger controller circuit explains a simple method of utilizing the excess solar energy from a solar panel for heating water in water tanks or swimming pools or poultry egg chambers. Normally the circuit also functions like an automatic solar battery charger, and simultaneously powers domestic electrical appliances.
Understanding Solar Charging
Solar energy is abundantly available across the globe and it's free to use. It's all about laying down a solar energy collector or simply a solar PV panel, and harness the available resource.
在此博客和许多其他网站中，您可能会遇到各种高效的太阳能电池充电器电路。但是，这些电路通常谈到使用太阳能电池板获取电能。
While functioning, the involved regulators/chargers stabilize the solar voltage such that the output voltage becomes suitable for the connected battery which is normally a 12V lead acid battery.
由于通常设计的太阳能电池板用于产生超过12V的电压，约为20至30伏，因此稳定过程完全忽略了多余的电压，该电压要么通过电子电路拆下或取消地面。
In the present article we learn a simple method of converting excess solar energy to heat even while charging a battery, and operating household appliances safely together.
The circuit functioning may be understood with the following points:
Using Excess Unused Solar Power for Heating Water
In the given solar water heater with battery charger controller circuit diagram, let's assume at peak sunshine the attached solar panel is capable of generating around 24V.
In the diagram we can see a couple of opamps positioned in between the solar input and the battery charging outlet.
The opamp at the left is basically set for allowing the specified charging voltage to its right hand side stages.
对于12V电池，该电压约为14.4V。
RV1 is therefore adjusted such that the output of the opamp becomes high in case the input voltage exceeds the 14.4V mark.
右侧的操作员被指定为电荷切断阶段，该阶段负责监视电池的充电电压，并在达到上阈值时将其切断。
这发生在非反相输入U1B年代enses the higher threshold and shuts off the positive bias to the mosfet which in turn cuts off power to the connected battery.
However the load which is essentially an inverter stays operative, as now it starts deriving the power from the charged battery.
In the course, if the voltage drops even by a few voltages, U1B reverts its output to logic high and the battery once again begins getting charged while simultaneously allowing the connected appliances to remain operative via the common panel voltage.
与此同时，正如前几行所讨论的那样，U1A会监视面板电压，并且就像U1B瞬间感觉到超过14.4标记的面板电压时一样，它将其输出切换到逻辑高，以便立即打开连接的晶体管。
可以看到直流加热器线圈附着在收集器上，晶体管的正阳性。
When the transistor conducts, the coil is shunted across the direct panel voltage, and therefore it instantly begins getting hot.
线圈的低电阻从面板中拉出大量电流，迫使电压降至U1A的集合14.4水平以下。
发生这种情况的那一刻，U1A会恢复状况并切断晶体管的供应，并且过程迅速波动，使得馈入电池的电压停留在14.4V标记内，并在此过程中保持活跃使其热量适用于任何首选目的。
Diagram for the solar water heater with battery charger controller circuit
Solar Panel Excess Power Dump Load Circuit
Requirement:Hello there, I'd want to build a device to restrict power output to the grid from an already present 5kW solar system that I'd like to expand.
The issue I'm having is that in the winter we require additional solar panels, yet during the summer we produce excessively high amounts of power.
我们被限制在5kW的电力生产中，因此需要大约10kW的太阳能电池板，以便在冬季实现功率自给自足。
I was thinking of utilizing a current coil to sense the quantity of energy being transferred and thereafter incrementally switching in resistive loads of perhaps 750W a piece to absorb surplus power, with the goal of limiting power exporting to perhaps 4kW?
现有系统可以采用频率控制来限制面板输出，但是夏季的总体功率输出将太高。我们有一个电源为240V，50Hz。
I was thinking about load detecting the export and switching in resistive loads with a brief duration on time periods.
Do you have any suggestions for a realistic and, hopefully, straightforward way to accomplish this?
The Design
The above requirement could be accomplished using the following simple concept:
如我们所知，IC LM3915的输出引脚以增量的方式表现出在其10个输出引脚上的依次转移逻辑，这是响应于其引脚＃5的增加的电位，范围在0至200 mV之间。
The above solar panel power load dump circuit exploits the above feature of the IC to accomplish the requested design.
我们在这里使用电流传感电阻RX，而不是当前的变压器。可以使用以下公式计算该电阻的值：
RX = 0.1 /最大电流极限
RX上的预设可用于设置切换连接的转储负载的最大电流限制。
当电流导出超过设定限制时，RX的电压开始增加到0.1 V标记以上，这会导致IC的输出顺序和成比例地变低，取决于从面板中导出的多余电流。
As this happens the dump load lamps begin illuminating and thereby shunting the excess wattage to ground, which in turn helps to decrease the output load current to the desired maximum limits.
The illuminated lamps could be immersed in water to heat water if required, so that the excess wattage from the panels can be used for heating water, or any other similar application.
谢谢斯瓦格坦,
您可以提供以下要点的输入吗？
1.我可以使用5K（接近R5）的电阻值吗？
2。All Registes are in quarter watt range ?
3.仅R8 - 8K2 - 表示8K 2瓦？
4。for R12 only – 3M3 – means 3M 3 Watt ?
5.加热器瓦特？- 这样我可以避免电压/当前损耗（如果有）？
6.对于12伏电池充电 - 需要调整RV1，以便在正确的理解正确的情况下，pin＃1＆gnd = 14.4V（U1a）的电压
那么，在PIN＃7＆GND上调整RV2需要什么电压？（U1B）
谢谢
Nilesh Patil
尼尔，，
1）是的，5K将适用于晶体管基地。
2）全部是1/4瓦
3)8k2 means 8.2k, use can use 10k
4) 3m3 = 3.3M
5)procure a iron coil from market and use it's 50% length for the heater or experiment with other lengths.
6）RV1用于获得15至20V的AROSS D1的阴极，RV2用于在整个Batt端子上获得14.4V
自从发电机的220V以来，将T1替换为MOSFET IRF840或STB9NK60Z
Hi Swagatam,
您可能会使所有确切的价值零件都可以。..我们并没有让所有零件都在商店中获得。
谢谢,
Nilesh Patil
sorry Nilesh, that wouldn't be possible.
Hi Swagatam,
I m back again.
for T2 TIP 36 NPN Transistor ..
但是我发现仅用于T2提示的PNP列表
Name Mat Struct Pc Ucb Uce Ueb Ic Tj Ft Hfe Caps
TIP36 Si PNP 90 80 40 5 25 150 3 20 TO218
TIP36A Si PNP 90 100 60 5 25 150 3 20 TO218
TIP36B Si PNP 90 120 80 5 25 150 3 20 TO218
TIP36C SI PNP 90 140 100 5 25 150 3 20 TO218
TIP36D SI PNP 90 160 120 5 25 150 3 20 TO218
TIP36E Si PNP 90 180 140 5 25 150 3 20 TO218
TIP36F Si PNP 90 200 160 5 25 150 3 20 TO218
1。Which Transistor to use (PNP/NPN) ? Please advice.
2。for C1 and C2 do we have voltage cutoff range / or any i can use ?.
3。D1 – Number please will help me easy to get it from market.
谢谢,
Nilesh Patil
Hi Nilesh, actually it should be TIP135, i'll correct the diagram soon.
however since your motor could generate upto 220V, you must use a 500V rated device, for example a TIP151 or a mosfet IRF840…..TIP35 will not work for you.
C1/C2 could be 25V rated
对于D1，您可以并行使用6A4二极管的2NOS
谢谢斯瓦格坦,
Considering earlier comment for T1and T2
我已经用N通道代替两个晶体管：IRF840 MOSET，
正确的 ？请建议如果有关电动机规范的其他更改，
谢谢
Nilesh Patil
尼尔，，do not use two mosfets, T2 is not required for mosfets, it's for a BJT application only.
use a single IRF540 for T1/T2
What is Exact Number of Opamps to use.
LM358N
LM358AN
LM358P
LM358M.
LM358N/NOPB
LM358M/NOPB
LM358ADT
LM358AP
LM358AM
LM358D
LM358AN/NOPB
LM358AM/NOPB
LM358DR
LM358DR2G
LM358DG
谢谢,
Nilesh Patil
任何人都会做，只需确认“ LM358”
Hi Swagatam,
Instead of Heater can we replace it with Dummy load Register,
If Yes then what is Value of Dummy Load Register.
谢谢
Nilesh Patil
Hi Nilesh,
the heater coil is also a dummy load, and can pass greater amount of current without burning.
anyway you can use any 30 ohm 100 watt dummy load for trial
Hi Swagatam,
请与浓厚的兴趣,我等待你的回复我mean the determination of the exact power rating of the dc heater coil, do you use the current rating and voltage rating of the solar panels or those of batteries.
谢谢
Bernard Tendengu
嗨，伯纳德，
The heater coil value is related with the solar panel, and also to the battery specs.
You'll have to find the optimal resistance value by some experimentation.
Do this without connecting any battery.
A correctly selected heater dump coil should produce about 16V across the cathode of D1 and ground.
是的，先生，如果我更改了输入电压，我就可以控制电压。
但是没有电压到T3 IRF 540（目前我正在使用840）
Irf -ve to supply , pls tell me second step .
好吧！但是请记住，输入供应电流必须低于可以处理的T1额定电流，否则您的T1将吹出，然后IC将爆炸。
一旦将14V固定在Opamp侧…。从右侧Opamp的输出到地面的1K电阻器连接LED。
现在，调整RV2反向/向前，并将LED迫使闪烁打开/关闭，这将确认OPAMP正在响应预设的调整。
finally, adjust the preset such that the LED just shuts off with existing 14V.
这将确保一旦电池电压达到14V，OPAMP就会关闭MOSFET和电池充电。
充电电池时不要连接负载…
Hello Sir, sorry for long delay, I was busy. whatever we discussed before I did and had check after rotating vR2 led get turned off and at other side it turned on, op_amp is functioning, but I observ that, if I set preset on where led goes off position & if I turned input voltage off and on that time led not come to on position so I choose on set preset on ON position now led glowing automatically, but taking 6_8sec glow, how we will know battery not getting overcharge? Is there anything we can able to check.
Also I had changed R11 as 500k present because I am not able to get Led on.
我注意到，两种电压差为0.8V至1.0V伏特，请重播
你好马赫什，
you can remove R6,7,8,9,10,11, and C2, and keep only the presets…this will enable you to set the circuit without having to take care of unnecessary parameters..
请这样做并检查回复
嗨，先生，谢谢您的答复，我在交谈之前删除了上面的组件。固定速度很快，但没有完成过多的收费。一旦电源启动，LED就不会发光。
So I did some modifications I changed output at below irf T3 to ground, and connect preset supply point to posive of drain point. also swapped pin5 and pin6 because function are getting reversed. to check over charging function. I used weak battery and halogen lamp to get battery voltage drain and check led function, and overcharging function, it's working fine now. Sir if possible please send me your fb I'd thank you so much for your support.
Why not simply the circuit to use LM358 to trigger a mosfet to the heater when the voltage reaches a certain hight to be varied by a potentiometer. Or there is a repercussion?
上面电路中产生的热量是副产品，在控制面板电压时可实现，以充电电池....
好的I have now got it, thanks.
Good day Swag, please how can I make dummy load with copper coil, or what can I use
Adeyemi，您可以使用加热器线圈或汽车前灯灯泡作为虚拟负载